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Tag: ESG

Categories
Plastic Pollution

What Are Bio-Based Plastics?

Bio-based plastics, also known as bioplastics, are a category of plastics derived from renewable biological sources, such as plants, agricultural residues, and microorganisms. Unlike traditional plastics, which are primarily derived from fossil fuels (petroleum or natural gas), bio-based plastics offer a more sustainable alternative as they utilise biological materials that can be replenished over time. These materials can be either biodegradable or non-biodegradable, depending on their composition.

There are two main types of bio-based plastics:

  1. Biodegradable Bio-based Plastics:
    • These plastics can break down naturally through biological processes, typically by microorganisms like bacteria or fungi. The end products of biodegradation are often water, carbon dioxide, and biomass. Examples of biodegradable bio-based plastics include polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and starch-based plastics.
    • Biodegradable bio-based plastics are often used in applications where the disposal environment is conducive to microbial breakdown, such as compostable packaging.
  2. Non-Biodegradable Bio-based Plastics:
    • These plastics are made from renewable resources but do not necessarily undergo complete biodegradation. Instead, they share similarities with traditional plastics in terms of durability and resistance to decomposition. However, their production involves fewer fossil fuel resources.
    • Examples of non-biodegradable bio-based plastics include bio-based polyethylene (bio-PE), bio-based polyethylene terephthalate (bio-PET), and bio-based polypropylene (bio-PP).

Key characteristics and advantages of bio-based plastics include:

  • Renewable Source: Bio-based plastics are derived from renewable resources, reducing dependency on finite fossil fuel reserves.
  • Reduced Carbon Footprint: Production of bio-based plastics often results in lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional plastics.
  • Diverse Feedstocks: Bio-based plastics can be produced from various feedstocks, including sugarcane, corn, potatoes, and agricultural residues.
  • Biodegradability (for Some Types): Biodegradable bio-based plastics contribute to a reduction in plastic waste and environmental impact, especially in applications where composting is feasible.

It’s important to note that while bio-based plastics offer certain environmental advantages, their overall sustainability depends on factors such as cultivation practices, land use, and end-of-life management. Additionally, not all bio-based plastics are biodegradable, and the disposal environment plays a crucial role in determining their environmental impact. The development and adoption of bio-based plastics align with broader efforts to create more sustainable materials and reduce the environmental footprint of plastic production and use.

 

Categories
Sustainable Future

Strategies for sustainability in retail sector

Promoting sustainability in the retail sector involves adopting practices that address environmental, social, and economic aspects. Here are strategies for sustainability in the retail industry:

  1. Sustainable Supply Chain Management:
    • Implement sustainable sourcing practices, emphasizing environmentally friendly and ethically produced products. Collaborate with suppliers to ensure fair labor practices and responsible resource management throughout the supply chain.
  2. Energy Efficiency in Stores:
    • Invest in energy-efficient lighting, heating, and cooling systems in retail stores. Utilize natural light when possible and implement smart building technologies to optimize energy consumption.
  3. Reducing Single-Use Plastics:
    • Minimize or eliminate single-use plastics in packaging and operations. Encourage the use of reusable bags, containers, and packaging. Implement plastic-free alternatives where feasible.
  4. Waste Reduction and Recycling:
    • Implement waste reduction programs in stores, including proper recycling of materials like cardboard, paper, and plastics. Set up recycling stations for customers and ensure that waste is disposed of responsibly.
  5. Circular Economy Initiatives:
    • Embrace circular economy principles by promoting product repair, refurbishment, and recycling. Consider take-back programs for old products, encouraging customers to return items for proper disposal or recycling.
  6. Green Building Practices:
    • Design and construct retail spaces with sustainable building practices. Incorporate eco-friendly materials, energy-efficient designs, and green landscaping. Seek certifications such as LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design).
  7. Eco-Friendly Packaging:
    • Source and promote products with eco-friendly and minimal packaging. Use recycled or recyclable materials in packaging design. Educate customers about sustainable packaging choices.
  8. Product Life Cycle Assessments:
    • Conduct life cycle assessments (LCAs) to evaluate the environmental impact of products from production to disposal. Use this information to make informed decisions about product selection and merchandising.
  9. Local Sourcing and Support:
    • Support local and regional suppliers to reduce the carbon footprint associated with transportation. Highlight locally sourced products and create partnerships with local businesses.
  10. Sustainable Transportation:
    • Optimize transportation and logistics to reduce emissions. Explore options for eco-friendly transportation, such as electric or hybrid vehicles. Consider last-mile delivery solutions that minimize environmental impact.
  11. Sustainable Events and Promotions:
    • Organize sustainable events and promotions. Use digital marketing channels to minimize paper waste. Consider the environmental impact of promotional materials and merchandise giveaways.
  12. Employee Training and Engagement:
    • Train employees on sustainability practices and the importance of responsible retailing. Foster a culture of sustainability within the organization, encouraging employees to contribute ideas and initiatives.
  13. Educating Customers:
    • Raise awareness among customers about sustainable choices through in-store signage, educational materials, and online platforms. Communicate the environmental and social impact of products to inform purchasing decisions.
  14. Efficient Lighting and HVAC Systems:
    • Implement energy-efficient lighting systems and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) technologies. Use motion sensors and smart controls to optimize energy usage in stores.
  15. Partnerships and Certification:
    • Collaborate with sustainability-focused organizations and obtain certifications that validate environmentally responsible practices. Display these certifications in stores to build trust with environmentally conscious consumers.
  16. Reverse Logistics for Returns:
    • Establish efficient reverse logistics processes for product returns. Minimize waste associated with returned items by refurbishing, reselling, or recycling products.
  17. Eco-Friendly Store Design:
    • Design stores with eco-friendly materials, energy-efficient fixtures, and sustainable layouts. Create inviting spaces that showcase sustainable values and practices.
  18. Smart Inventory Management:
    • Implement smart inventory management systems to reduce overstocking and minimize waste. Use data analytics to optimize product ordering and reduce excess inventory.

By adopting these strategies, retailers can contribute to a more sustainable and responsible industry, meeting the expectations of environmentally conscious consumers and positively impacting the communities they serve. Continuous improvement and a commitment to sustainability are crucial for long-term success in the retail sector.



Categories
Sustainable Future

Strategies For E-commerce Companies To Become Sustainable

Achieving sustainability in the e-commerce sector involves adopting a holistic approach that addresses environmental, social, and economic impacts. Here are strategies for e-commerce companies to become more sustainable:

  1. Sustainable Packaging Practices:
    • Adopt eco-friendly packaging materials, such as recycled cardboard, and minimize excess packaging. Right-size packaging to reduce waste and explore innovative, sustainable packaging solutions. Communicate with customers about responsible disposal and recycling.
  2. Carbon-Neutral Shipping:
    • Offset carbon emissions associated with shipping by investing in carbon offset programs or using carbon-neutral shipping options. Optimize logistics and transportation routes to reduce overall carbon footprint.
  3. Eco-Friendly Product Sourcing:
    • Prioritize suppliers and products with eco-friendly certifications and sustainable sourcing practices. Consider the environmental and social impacts of the entire supply chain, from raw materials to manufacturing processes.
  4. Energy Efficiency in Warehouses:
    • Implement energy-efficient practices in warehouses and distribution centers. Utilize energy-efficient lighting, heating, and cooling systems. Explore renewable energy sources, such as solar panels, to power facilities.
  5. Waste Reduction and Recycling Programs:
    • Implement waste reduction programs within the company, including proper recycling of materials like packaging, paper, and electronics. Establish recycling bins in offices and warehouses, and partner with recycling facilities for responsible disposal.
  6. Responsible Returns Management:
    • Develop sustainable returns policies to minimize the environmental impact of returned items. Encourage customers to consolidate returns to reduce the number of shipments and implement efficient returns processing.
  7. Transparent and Ethical Practices:
    • Communicate transparently about sustainability efforts and ethical business practices. Provide customers with information on the company’s commitment to social and environmental responsibility, including fair labor practices.
  8. Energy-Efficient Technology:
    • Opt for energy-efficient IT infrastructure and data centers. Use energy-efficient servers, employ cloud computing, and optimize software to reduce energy consumption. Implement virtualization and other technologies that enhance energy efficiency.
  9. Encouraging Sustainable Consumer Behavior:
    • Educate and engage customers on sustainable practices, including responsible consumption, recycling, and eco-friendly choices. Offer incentives for eco-friendly behaviors, such as choosing slower shipping options for reduced emissions.
  10. Investment in Renewable Energy:
    • Consider investing in renewable energy sources to power operations. This can include installing solar panels on warehouses or purchasing renewable energy credits to offset energy consumption.
  11. Strategic Partnerships and Collaboration:
    • Collaborate with other companies, NGOs, and industry groups to share best practices, drive collective sustainability efforts, and influence positive change in the e-commerce sector.
  12. Employee Engagement and Education:
    • Foster a culture of sustainability within the company by engaging employees in sustainability initiatives. Provide training and education on sustainable practices and encourage employees to contribute ideas for improvement.
  13. Lifecycle Assessments:
    • Conduct life cycle assessments (LCAs) to analyze the environmental impact of products and operations. Use the findings to identify areas for improvement and implement more sustainable practices.
  14. Continuous Improvement and Innovation:
    • Embrace a culture of continuous improvement and innovation in sustainability. Stay abreast of emerging technologies and practices that can further reduce the environmental impact of e-commerce operations.

By integrating these strategies, e-commerce companies can align their business practices with sustainability goals, reduce their environmental footprint, and contribute positively to the well-being of the planet and society.



Categories
Circular Economy

What Is ESG And How Can It Add Value To Your Business?

ESG, which stands for Environmental, Social, and Governance, refers to a set of criteria that investors, businesses, and stakeholders use to assess a company’s impact on society and the environment, as well as its governance practices. Integrating ESG considerations into business strategies and investment decisions can create value in several ways:

  1. Risk Management:
    • Environmental Risks: Companies that manage their environmental impact effectively can reduce exposure to regulatory risks and physical risks related to climate change and resource scarcity.
    • Social Risks: Addressing social issues such as labor practices, diversity, and community relations can mitigate reputational risks and enhance resilience to social unrest.
    • Governance Risks: Strong governance practices help prevent fraud, corruption, and unethical behavior, reducing legal and regulatory risks.
  2. Cost Reduction:
    • Energy Efficiency: Implementing environmentally sustainable practices, such as energy efficiency measures, can lead to cost savings through reduced energy consumption and lower operational expenses.
    • Waste Reduction: Sustainable practices that minimize waste generation and encourage recycling can result in cost savings by reducing waste disposal and procurement expenses.
  3. Access to Capital:
    • Companies with strong ESG performance may find it easier to attract investment capital. ESG considerations are increasingly becoming important criteria for investors, and companies that align with ESG principles may have better access to sustainable and responsible investment funds.
  4. Brand and Reputation Enhancement:
    • Positive ESG practices contribute to building a strong brand and reputation. Consumers and investors are increasingly valuing companies that demonstrate a commitment to environmental sustainability, social responsibility, and ethical governance.
    • Strong reputations can attract customers, foster brand loyalty, and differentiate a company in competitive markets.
  5. Attracting and Retaining Talent:
    • Companies with a focus on social responsibility, diversity, and employee well-being are often more attractive to talent. A positive corporate culture that values ESG principles can contribute to higher employee satisfaction, retention, and productivity.
  6. Innovation and Long-Term Value Creation:
    • Embracing sustainability and responsible business practices can drive innovation. Companies that integrate ESG considerations into their strategies are often better positioned to identify new business opportunities, create innovative products, and adapt to changing market dynamics.
    • Long-term value creation is a key aspect of ESG, emphasizing sustainable business practices that consider the well-being of all stakeholders.
  7. Regulatory Compliance:
    • Proactively addressing ESG issues helps companies stay ahead of evolving regulatory requirements. Compliance with environmental, social, and governance regulations reduces the risk of legal actions, fines, and reputational damage.
  8. Stakeholder Trust and Engagement:
    • Engaging with stakeholders, including customers, employees, communities, and investors, on ESG issues builds trust. Transparent communication about ESG efforts fosters positive relationships and can lead to increased support from stakeholders.

In summary, integrating ESG principles into business practices and investment decisions creates value by managing risks, reducing costs, enhancing brand reputation, and positioning companies for long-term success in a changing business landscape.



Categories
Climate Change

The Worst Side Of Climate Change

Climate change has widespread and severe consequences, impacting various aspects of the environment, society, and the economy. Some of the worst effects of climate change include:

  1. Rising Sea Levels:Sea levels are rising due to the melting of glaciers and polar ice caps, threatening coastal areas and low-lying islands.Large parts of Bangladesh, a low-lying delta region, are at risk of increased flooding and submersion due to rising sea levels.
  1. Extreme Weather Events:   Climate change intensifies extreme weather events, leading to more frequent and severe hurricanes, cyclones, droughts, and floods.  The Philippines is susceptible to typhoons, and the increased intensity and frequency of these storms exacerbate the risk of flooding and landslides.
  1. Droughts and Water Scarcity:Changes in precipitation patterns contribute to prolonged droughts, leading to water scarcity, affecting agriculture, ecosystems, and communities.South Africa has experienced severe droughts, impacting water availability for agriculture, industry, and domestic use.
  1. Wildfires:  Climate change contributes to increased temperatures and changes in vegetation, leading to more frequent and intense wildfires.Australia has faced devastating wildfires, such as the 2019-2020 bushfire season, which caused significant loss of life, property, and biodiversity.
  1. Loss of Biodiversity: Changes in climate, habitat loss, and altered ecosystems contribute to the decline and extinction of plant and animal species.The Amazon rainforest in Brazil, often called the “lungs of the Earth,” faces threats from deforestation and climate change, leading to a loss of biodiversity.
  1. Food Insecurity:  Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns affect crop yields, leading to food shortages and increased food prices.  India faces challenges of reduced crop yields and changing agricultural conditions, impacting food security for a large population.
  1. Health Risks:   Climate change contributes to the spread of diseases, heat-related illnesses, and exacerbates existing health challenges.

   Conclusion: Increased temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa contribute to the spread of diseases like malaria and waterborne illnesses.

It’s important to note that the impacts of climate change are interconnected, and vulnerable populations often bear the brunt of these effects. Global efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change are essential to addressing these challenges and protecting the well-being of people and the planet.



Categories
Procurement

What Are The Procurement Challenges In India and Links To Key Resources That Can Help

  1. Complex Regulatory Environment:
    • Challenge: Navigating the complex regulatory landscape, compliance with various laws, and understanding the evolving legal requirements.
    • Resource: The Ministry of Finance in India provides information on procurement policies, guidelines, and rules. Check their website for the latest updates: Ministry of Finance – Government of India
  2. Corruption and Lack of Transparency:
    • Challenge: Corruption and lack of transparency in the procurement process can hinder fair competition and lead to inefficiencies.
    • Resource: The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) plays a role in promoting integrity and accountability. Explore their website for guidelines and reports: Central Vigilance Commission
  3. Infrastructure and Logistics Issues:
    • Challenge: Inadequate infrastructure and logistics can lead to delays and increased costs in the procurement process.
    • Resource: The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) is crucial for information on infrastructure development. Visit their website for updates: MoRTH
  4. Capacity and Skill Gaps:
    • Challenge: Limited procurement skills and capacities within government agencies can impact the efficiency of the procurement process.
    • Resource: The National Institute of Financial Management (NIFM) offers training programs in public procurement. Explore their offerings: NIFM
  5. SME Participation and Inclusion:
    • Challenge: Limited participation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in procurement processes.
    • Resource: The Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) provides information and support for SMEs. Visit their website for details: Ministry of MSME
  6. E-Procurement Adoption:
    • Challenge: Slow adoption of e-procurement systems may hinder the efficiency and transparency of procurement processes.
    • Resource: The National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) provides an overview of e-procurement initiatives in India. Explore details on their website: NeGP
  7. Payment Delays:
    • Challenge: Delayed payments to suppliers can negatively impact cash flows and discourage vendor participation.
    • Resource: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) provides information on payment systems and policies. Check their website for updates: RBI
  8. Sustainable Procurement Awareness:
    • Challenge: Limited awareness and integration of sustainable procurement practices.

Resource: The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) often provide resources and events related to sustainable business practices. Explore their websites for relevant information: CII and FICCI

Categories
Procurement

Elaborate On Two Aims Of Sustainable Purchasing-Environment Friendly Procurement And Economic Efficiencies For The Company

  1. Environment-Friendly Procurement:
    • Reducing Environmental Impact: One of the primary goals of sustainable purchasing is to minimize the adverse environmental effects associated with the production, use, and disposal of goods and services. Organizations aim to select products and services that have a lower environmental footprint, considering factors such as energy consumption, resource use, and emissions.
    • Promoting Circular Economy Practices: Sustainable procurement often encourages the adoption of circular economy principles. This involves choosing products that are designed for durability, repairability, and recyclability. By prioritizing goods with longer lifespans and those made from recyclable or biodegradable materials, organizations contribute to reducing the overall environmental impact of their operations.
    • Addressing Climate Change: Sustainable procurement practices may include selecting suppliers that actively work to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This can involve sourcing from companies that use renewable energy, implement energy-efficient practices, or participate in carbon offset programs. By aligning procurement strategies with climate goals, organisations contribute to broader efforts to combat climate change.
  2. Economic Efficiencies for the Company:
    • Cost Savings Through Efficiency: Sustainable procurement is not only about environmental and social considerations but also about economic efficiency. Companies can realize cost savings through energy-efficient products, reduced waste, and streamlined supply chain processes. For example, investing in energy-efficient equipment may initially have a higher upfront cost but can result in long-term savings on energy bills.
    • Mitigating Risks: By considering the environmental and social practices of suppliers, companies can mitigate risks associated with reputational damage, regulatory non-compliance, and supply chain disruptions. Proactively addressing these risks through sustainable procurement practices contributes to the long-term stability and resilience of the company.
    • Enhancing Brand Reputation: Consumers and investors increasingly value companies that demonstrate a commitment to sustainability. Sustainable procurement practices can enhance the company’s brand reputation, attracting environmentally and socially conscious customers. This positive brand image can translate into increased customer loyalty and a competitive advantage in the market.
Categories
Climate Change India & Climate Change

India’s Plan Of Action Against Climate Change

India has made several commitments and pledges in the global effort to address climate change. As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, here are some key aspects of India’s stance and pledges against climate change:

  1. Paris Agreement:
    • India is a signatory to the Paris Agreement, a global accord adopted in 2015 with the goal of limiting global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
  2. Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs):
    • India submitted its NDCs under the Paris Agreement, outlining its climate action targets. These commitments include reducing the emissions intensity of its GDP, increasing the share of non-fossil energy capacity, and creating carbon sinks through afforestation.
  3. Renewable Energy Targets:
    • India has set ambitious targets for expanding its renewable energy capacity. These targets include reaching 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022, with a further target of 450 GW by 2030.
  4. International Solar Alliance (ISA):
    • India played a crucial role in launching the International Solar Alliance, a coalition of countries dedicated to promoting solar energy. The ISA aims to mobilize resources for solar projects, reduce the cost of solar power, and facilitate the deployment of solar technologies.
  5. Afforestation and Reforestation:
    • India has emphasized the importance of afforestation and reforestation efforts to increase carbon sinks and enhance biodiversity. Initiatives like the Green India Mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change focus on sustainable forest management.
  6. Sustainable Agriculture:
    • India recognizes the impact of climate change on agriculture. Sustainable agricultural practices and water-use efficiency measures are part of India’s efforts to adapt to and mitigate climate change.
  7. Adaptation and Resilience:
    • India is working on enhancing its resilience to climate change impacts, particularly in vulnerable sectors like water resources, agriculture, and coastal areas.
  8. E-Mobility and Energy Efficiency:
    • Initiatives to promote electric mobility and enhance energy efficiency are part of India’s strategy to reduce emissions from the transportation sector and improve overall energy efficiency.

It’s important to note that India, like many other nations, faces the dual challenge of addressing climate change while promoting economic development and poverty alleviation. The country has highlighted the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” in climate negotiations, emphasizing the need for developed nations to take the lead in mitigating climate change due to their historical contributions to greenhouse gas emissions.



Categories
Sustainable Future

Top International Brands That Are 100% Sustainable?

Here are a few brands known for their sustainability initiatives, along with links to their sustainability stories or reports:

  1. Patagonia:
  2. Eileen Fisher:
    • Eileen Fisher Sustainability
    • Eileen Fisher emphasises sustainable practices in the fashion industry, including organic fabrics, fair wages, and circular fashion.
  3. Interface:
    • Interface Sustainability
    • Interface is recognized for its commitment to sustainable flooring and achieving a mission of zero negative impact on the environment.
  4. Unilever:
    • Unilever Sustainable Living
    • Unilever’s Sustainable Living Plan outlines its commitment to reducing environmental impact, enhancing social well-being, and promoting sustainable sourcing.
  5. Tesla:
    • Tesla Impact Report
    • Tesla is known for its sustainability efforts in promoting electric vehicles, renewable energy solutions, and reducing carbon emissions.
  6. Danone:
    • Danone Sustainable Development
    • Danone emphasises sustainability in its food-products business, focusing on regenerative agriculture, reducing carbon emissions, and circular economy practices.
  7. IKEA:
    • IKEA Sustainability
    • IKEA is committed to sustainability across its supply chain, with a focus on renewable energy, responsible sourcing of materials, and circular design principles.
  8. Google:
    • Google Sustainability
    • Google commits to being carbon neutral and using 100% renewable energy, with investments in sustainable technology and environmental responsibility.
  9. Natura &Co:
    • Natura &Co Sustainability
    • Natura &Co, incorporating brands like Natura, The Body Shop, and Avon, emphasises biodiversity conservation, sustainable sourcing, and ethical practices.
  10. Burt’s Bees:
    • Burt’s Bees Sustainability
    • Burt’s Bees is known for its commitment to natural ingredients and sustainable practices in the personal care industry, including responsible sourcing and reducing environmental impact.
Categories
Procurement

What Are The Emerging Trends In Green Procurement?

Here are some potential trends in green procurement that were gaining traction:

  1. Digitalization and Sustainable Technologies:
    • Blockchain for Supply Chain Transparency: Blockchain technology was being explored to enhance transparency in supply chains, enabling better tracking of product origins, certifications, and environmental impact.
    • Internet of Things (IoT) for Monitoring and Optimisation: IoT devices were being increasingly used to monitor and optimize resource usage in real-time, helping organizations make more sustainable procurement decisions.
  2. Circular Economy Practices:
    • Product-as-a-Service (PaaS) Models: Businesses were exploring alternative ownership models, where consumers lease products rather than purchasing them outright. This promotes a circular economy by encouraging product reuse and recycling.
    • Design for Disassembly: Manufacturers were increasingly adopting design principles that make products easier to disassemble and recycle at the end of their life cycle.
  3. Eco-Labels and Certifications:
    • Rising Importance of Eco-Labels: The demand for eco-labeled products, indicating adherence to specific environmental standards, was on the rise. Companies were seeking certifications like Energy Star, Fair Trade, and Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) to demonstrate their commitment to sustainability.
  4. Supplier Collaboration and Engagement:
    • Supplier Diversity and Inclusion: Organizations were broadening their supplier base to include more diverse and sustainable suppliers. This included engaging with minority-owned businesses, women-owned enterprises, and those with strong sustainability credentials.
    • Collaborative Sustainability Initiatives: Companies were collaborating with suppliers to implement joint sustainability initiatives, sharing best practices, and working together to improve the overall sustainability of the supply chain.
  5. Regulatory Compliance and Reporting:
    • Increasing Regulations: Governments and regulatory bodies were introducing more stringent environmental regulations, driving companies to ensure compliance in their procurement practices.
    • Sustainability Reporting Standards: There was a growing emphasis on transparent reporting of sustainability metrics, with organizations adopting frameworks such as the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) to communicate their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance.
  6. Renewable Energy Procurement:
    • Direct Renewable Energy Purchases: Companies were increasingly investing in or directly purchasing renewable energy to power their operations. Power purchase agreements (PPAs) with renewable energy providers were becoming more common.
  7. Green Finance and Sustainable Investments:

Green Bonds and Sustainable Financing: Companies were exploring green financing options to fund sustainable procurement initiatives. Investors were also increasingly considering environmental factors in their investment decisions.